Saint Veronica tapestry, Brussels, circa 1520. Wool, silk and silver-gilt thread; 1.30 x 1.73 m (4' 3" x 5' 8"). Value at time of manufacture = 52 cows. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, bequest of George Blumenthal, 1941, 41.190.80
‘Relative Values: The Cost of Art in the Northern Renaissance’ currently showing at The Met (open until 23 June 2019) uses the currency of cows to illustrate the expense of tapestries at the time of their manufacture. Rachel Meek discusses the exhibition’s concept and sole tapestry with curator Elizabeth Cleland.
Tapestries were the impetus for Elizabeth Cleland’s current show of around sixty objects, ‘Relative Values’, at The Met. The curator of the museum’s splendid Pieter Coecke van Aelst tapestry exhibition (2014-2015) explains: ‘For a long time we have been trying to encourage the understanding that when tapestries were new, in the 15th and 16th centuries, they could be astronomically expensive and, as a whole, the medium was much more highly valued by its original audience. A painting of the Virgin and Child owned by the Habsburg King Philip II, for example, was valued at less than a tenth of the price of a Flemish tapestry of similar size and subject matter. I thought it would be illuminating to actually prove this by returning to prices and valuations mentioned in a plethora of 16th-century documents for all kinds of art objects, and devote an exhibition to exploring this hierarchy of relative worth between different artistic media.’
The most useful source in the creation of the exhibition’s comparative price index was King Philip’s tapestry inventory which lists valuations per el (unit of measurement). Comparable works from Brussels with a similarly high warp count, copious use of metal-wrapped threads, and virtuoso weaving techniques, acquired from the 1540s-early 1560s, are valued at 30 Spanish ducats per el. At this rate, the present tapestry’s value would equal 151 ducats, roughly equivalent to 9,100 grams of silver.
